When you think of Japan, animals probably aren’t the first thing that come to mind. But the truth is, Japanese wildlife is just as amazing as the country’s culture and technology. With expansive mountain ranges, dense forests, and unique geographical features, Japan is home to a thriving and diverse wildlife population.
In fact, there are over 90,000 animal species that have been confirmed to exist in the land of the rising sun! From cute and cuddly creatures to dangerous predators and unique species, Japan has it all. So, if you’re considering visiting or working in Japan, you’ll want to know about the most interesting animals in the country and where to find them.
40. Blakiston’s Fish Owl
Animal Classification: Bird
Average Size: 60cm
Blakiston’s fish owl is a rare and magnificent bird found on the northern island of Hokkaido, Japan. These owls are known for their impressive size, deep hooting calls, and striking facial features. They reside along rivers and in forested areas, hunting for fish with their sharp talons. 
39. Japanese Mitten Crab
Animal Classification: Crustacean
Average Size: 10cm
The Japanese mitten crab is a unique crustacean recognized by the furry clumps on its claws, resembling mittens. These crabs are found in both freshwater and marine environments, as they migrate from rivers to the sea to breed. 
38. Japanese Grass Lizards
Animal Classification: Reptile
Average Size: 20cm
Japanese grass lizards are a common sight in grasslands, fields, and forest edges throughout Japan. These small, agile reptiles are known for their speed and distinctive greenish-brown colouration, which provides excellent camouflage in their natural environment. They play a vital role in controlling insect populations, making them an important component of their ecosystem. 
37. Crested Kingfishers
Animal Classification: Bird
Average Size: 41cm
Crested kingfishers are easily recognizable by their large white crests, contrasting with their primarily dark feathers. They are expert fishers, often seen perched on branches overhanging water before diving in to catch their prey. These majestic birds can be found along Japan’s rivers and streams. 
36. Ryukyu Long-haired Rats
Animal Classification: Mammal
Average Size: 25cm
The Ryukyu long-haired rat is an endemic species found in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. These rodents are unique due to their long, soft fur and larger size compared to common rats. They are nocturnal and elusive, often found in subtropical forests and mountainous areas. Despite their common status as a rodent, the Ryukyu long-haired rat is a fascinating example of the unique animals that inhabit Japan’s southern islands. 
35. Japanese Fire-Bellied Newt
Animal Classification: Amphibian
Average Size: 12cm
The Japanese fire-bellied newt is a small amphibian with a bright orange belly contrasted against a dark, textured back. These newts are found in wet, forested areas throughout Japan, particularly in slow-moving or still waters. They are known for being toxic, a defense mechanism against predators which is essential to their survival. 
34. Iriomote Cats
Animal Classification: Mammal
Average Size: 60cm
The Iriomote cat is an enigmatic and endangered species exclusive to the dense subtropical forests of Iriomote Island in Okinawa Prefecture. These small wild cats are remarkable for their adaptive skills, thriving in a variety of environments including mangrove swamps and mountainous regions. They are nocturnal and elusive, making sightings a rare and special treat for wildlife enthusiasts. 
33. Japanese Emperor Butterfly
Animal Classification: Insect
Average Size: 10cm wingspan
The Japanese emperor butterfly is a large, striking butterfly known for its vibrant colors and patterns. These butterflies prefer wooded areas and are often seen fluttering near the treetops. They are a favorite among butterfly enthusiasts and add beauty to the Japanese countryside. 
32. Japanese Sea Bream
Animal Classification: Fish
Average Size: 70cm
The Japanese sea bream, or Madai, is revered in Japan for its significance in cuisine and culture. These fish are commonly found in the coastal waters surrounding Japan and are recognized by their pinkish-silver bodies and red accents. Madai are often associated with celebrations and special occasions, symbolizing good fortune and joy. They are a staple in traditional Japanese dishes, known for their delicate texture and flavor. 
31. Japanese Sparrowhawks
Animal Classification: Bird
Average Size: 35cm
Japanese sparrowhawks are small but formidable birds of prey, gracing the skies of Japan with their agile and swift flight. They are primarily found in forested areas, where they hunt smaller birds and insects. Their slender bodies and long tails allow for exceptional maneuverability in flight, making them a thrilling sight for birdwatchers. 
30. Japanese Pond Frogs
Animal Classification: Amphibian
Average Size: 6cm
Japanese pond frogs are a common and delightful presence in Japan’s wetlands, rice paddies, and ponds. These amphibians are known for their distinctive croaking, particularly during the breeding season, which adds a lively soundtrack to the Japanese countryside in spring and summer. They are both predators of insects and prey for larger animals. Japanese pond frogs are often credited for contributing to the ecological balance and biodiversity of the country’s freshwater habitats. 
29. Japanese Bobtail Squid
Animal Classification: Mollusk
Average Size: 3cm
The Japanese bobtail squid is a small, vibrant mollusk found in the waters around Japan. These fascinating creatures are known for their symbiotic relationship with luminescent bacteria. The light produced by these bacteria helps the squid camouflage against moonlit waters, avoiding predators while attracting prey. 
28. Yaku Deer
Animal Classification: Mammal
Average Size: 1.2m
The Yaku deer, a subspecies of the sika deer, is endemic to Yakushima Island, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Known for their gentle demeanor, Yaku deer can often be seen grazing in the island’s ancient cedar forests or along its misty mountain trails. Their presence adds to the mystical ambiance of Yakushima, often referred to as the ‘island of the gods’. The deer are a source of fascination for naturalists and photographers, contributing to the island’s status as a prime destination for eco-tourism. 
27. Japanese Pond Turtles
Animal Classification: Reptile
Average Size: 20cm
Japanese pond turtles are a common and beloved part of Japan’s aquatic animals, ranging from tranquil ponds to flowing rivers. With their distinctive greenish-brown shells and yellow-striped heads, they are a familiar sight to many. These turtles are omnivorous, feeding on a varied diet of aquatic vegetation, insects, and small fish. Their gentle nature and slow pace of life make them a symbol of tranquility and perseverance in Japanese culture. The longevity of Japanese pond turtles, with some living for over 50 years, adds to their charm and fascination. 
26. Steller’s Sea Eagles
Animal Classification: Bird
Average Size: 2.5m wingspan
Steller’s sea eagles, with their majestic stature and powerful presence, are among the most impressive birds in the world. Boasting one of the largest wingspans of any eagle, these birds are a breathtaking sight, especially during their winter migration to the coastal ice floes of Hokkaido. Their striking appearance and massive yellow beak make them a sight to behold. [
